![]() First, the accessibility of survey or sub-clinical examinations can be low due to geographical or resource limitations. The above-described strategies to prevent stroke are beneficial but present several limitations. In addition, according to various levels and causes of risk factors, drugs, surgeries, or regular follow-up examinations are carried out to prevent stroke. The procedures contain sub-clinical examinations, such as carotid ultrasound and transcranial doppler (TCD) which can better characterize the cerebrovascular function and analyze the consequences of reduced function on the risk of stroke. However, those who are identified to have a high risk of stroke are directed to high-risk prevention strategies. Actions are proposed to people to control risk factors, such as changing lifestyle behaviors or taking medicine, and the variation in the risk of stroke is tracked by evaluating the risk of stroke annually. For population-wide strategies, various scoring systems are developed to evaluate the risk of stroke according to specific risk factors, such as health condition, lifestyle, behaviors, and family history of diseases. Many available guidelines describe “population-wide” and “high-risk” strategies intended for stroke prevention. Also, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, smoking, heavy drinking, sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy diet are among the well-known risk factors to control. Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for both ischemic and hemorrhage strokes. However, 80% of strokes are preventable if risk factors can be controlled. It is the number one cause of death and disability in China, and it is the 2nd and 4th leading cause of death in Germany and United States, respectively. ![]() Stroke ranks as one of the top first leading causes of death and disability worldwide, particularly for the most populous countries in Asia, Europe, and North America.
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